Foreshadowing is a literary device used to make the reader wonder. It gives the story a sense of mystery or anticipation. It can also create tension.
According to Literary Devices (1), using this device, “a writer gives an advance hint of what is to come later in the story.”
Foreshadowing is a powerful device that keeps the reader involved in the story and its characters.
There are a number of foreshadowing strategies. Below are four of them.
An Approaching Event
An example of this type of foreshadowing is in “Walking Through Walls.” Wang (the protagonist) listens as his friend, Chen, tells how neighboring warriors kidnapped his sister.
The reader anticipates an upcoming mission to rescue Chen’s sister.
The Pre-Scene
A pre-scene hints at something on the horizon.
An example of this might be a new student entering a classroom, and another student eyes him up and down. Nothing else happens in that particular scene.
The reader automatically anticipates trouble between the boys down the road.
In an article at Novel Writing Help, “a pre-scene is simply a smaller version of a larger scene to come. They are not significant by themselves, but they imply that there is something more spectacular waiting to happen right around the corner.” (2)
The Loaded Gun
This strategy is attributed to the Russian author and playwright Anton Chekhov.
He said, “If you say in the first chapter that there is a rifle hanging on a wall, in the second or third chapter it absolutely must go off. If it’s not going to be fired, it shouldn’t be hanging there.” (3)
This type of foreshadowing doesn’t have to use a gun; it could be any object.
For example, suppose a boy is cleaning out the attic of a hundred-year-old home for a neighbor. He finds an old, corroded coin. He absent-mindedly shoves it in his pocket.
The reader knows that the coin is significant and expects something to happen pertaining to it in the story. If the writer is smart, she will fulfill the reader’s expectations.
The Prophecy
With this type of foreshadowing, the reader is given a glimpse of misfortune to come through something that happens.
As an example, the albatross is a sign of good luck if seen by sailors. With the reader being privy to this knowledge, a sailor sees one fly over his ship at the midway point on every voyage he’s on. But, on this particular voyage, there is no albatross to be seen.
The implication to the reader is that there is going to be trouble for this sailor and this voyage.
Don’t Overdo It
While adding foreshadowing to your fiction story is an effective writing device, you don’t want to overdo it.
In an article at NY Book Editors, it explains that “to balance your story, there needs to be revelations and circumstances that catch the reader off guard. If your reader is in a constant state of analysis [over foreshadowing], your pacing will suffer. To strike the perfect balance, introduce hints but then jolt your reader with something unexpected.” (4)
If you’d like to read more about foreshadowing and your fiction writing, check out the references below.
References:
(1) https://literarydevices.net/foreshadowing/
(2) https://www.novel-writing-help.com/examples-of-foreshadowing.html
(3) https://www.writingclasses.com/toolbox/ask-writer/whats-this-business-about-chekhovs-gun
(4) https://nybookeditors.com/2018/03/how-to-foreshadow-like-a-pro/
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